Sinus tachycardia: what it is, symptoms and treatment

Sinus tachycardia of the heart Is a disease that manifests itself in the form of rapid contractions of the muscle fibers of the myocardium. The normal number of contractions is up to 80 - 90 beats per minute, an increase in this indicator indicates the presence of tachycardia. The development of sinus tachycardia is based on an automatic increase in the contractile activity of the sinus node under the influence of the sympathetic nervous system.

If there are sensations of your own heartbeat, shortness of breath and discomfort in the sternum, this is not yet a reason to assume the development of sinus tachycardia. An increase in heart rate and other unpleasant symptomatic signs can be caused by prolonged or sudden exertion, stress or coffee. In children under seven years of age, this condition is generally considered the norm.

Read also: Heart tachycardia - what is it and how to treat it.

Variety

Sinus tachycardia has two types:

1. Physiological tachycardia - develops against the background of physical or emotional stress, or accompanies a febrile syndrome. It disappears immediately after the action of adverse factors and does not require medical correction. This is the so-called compensatory reaction of the body to a change in the state of the body.
2. Pathological tachycardia is a consequence of the defeat of the sinoatrial node of the conduction system of the heart. This condition develops against the background of complete well-being and is corrected only with the help of medical methods.

Etiological factors

The main reason for the development of sinus tachycardia is the functional failure of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems.

Sympathetic and parasympathetic innervation what is it? The sympathetic department is responsible for the processes of excitation in the tissue structures of the body, under the influence sympathetic innervation changes the vascular tone, increases the sinus contractility of muscle fibers, including the myocardium. The parasympathetic nervous system has the opposite effect. In addition to disorders of nervous regulation, non-cardiac and cardiac factors can also serve as the cause of the disease.

Non-cardiac factors include:

1. Neurogenic - develop in people who are predisposed to prolonged emotional stress, with neuroses and prolonged depressive states.
2. Toxic - develop under the influence of toxic and chemical toxic substances on the sinus node, which enter the human body by oral, inhalation or through the skin.
3. Medication - develop with prolonged or improper use of drugs that can affect the contractile activity of the heart. This is especially true for medicinal substances with a psychotropic mechanism of action, hypnotics and drugs.
4. Hypoxic - in this case, the body in the form of compensation reacts to insufficient oxygen supply to the human body. This condition is regarded as a reflex reaction.

Sinus tachycardia of the heart caused by cardiac factors suggests organic pathologies from the myocardium.

Cardiac factors in the development of the disease include:

1. Angina pectoris and myocardial infarction as a sharp violation of the flow of arterial oxygenated blood to the heart muscle, due to obturation or spasmodic narrowing of the lumen of the coronary arteries.
2. Cardiosclerosis is an irreversible change in the muscle fibers of the myocardium under the influence of inflammatory or traumatic lesions.
3. Acute or chronic heart failure like breaking robot heart.

Features of symptomatic manifestations

Symptomatic signs may appear depending on how long the pathological condition progresses, which caused the onset of the disease. It is important whether the patient has concomitant diseases.

The most common complaints of patients are:

• a feeling of heaviness in the body, especially in the lower limbs;
• painful and uncomfortable sensations in the projection of the heart;
• shortness of breath that appears after physical or emotional stress;
• dizziness and pathological weakness due to insufficient blood supply to the brain tissues;
• decreased appetite, in rare cases dyspeptic disorders;

Through the increased contractility of the myocardium, there is a sharp decrease in the blood supply to the organ structures of the human body. The work of the digestive tract, respiratory, urinary and hormonal systems is disrupted. A long period of morbidity can negatively affect their functioning and, as a consequence, a serious threat to the patient's life.

Features and purpose of diagnostics

The cardiologist deals with questions about pathology from the side of the heart. People who are registered with an increased risk of development myocardial infarction or if they have a history of arrhythmia, they should regularly undergo special preventive medical examinations, and, if necessary, receive medication.

As a diagnosis of sinus tachycardia, it is carried out:

• Electrocardiography - shows the number and rhythm of heartbeats, is the gold standard in the diagnosis of heart disease.
• Echocardiography allows you to visualize and adequately assess the condition of the heart valves, to detect defects in a timely manner.
• A general laboratory blood test shows the condition of the blood, its oxygenation and the presence of the necessary elements.

First aid

Sinus tachycardia of the heart belongs to a group of diseases that require emergency medical care before the arrival of an ambulance. Correctly provided assistance to a person in the first seconds of the development of the disease can affect the effectiveness of further specialized treatment.

The main stages of emergency care:

• ensure the free passage of fresh air if the patient is in a closed and stuffy room;
• free the human body from closely adjoining clothing items;
• to provide the patient with a sitting or lying position with the lower limbs raised up;
• apply cold compresses to the temporal areas of the head and forehead;

In cases where a person has lost consciousness and there are no signs of heartbeat and breathing, it is necessary to carry out resuscitation measures with a ratio of compressions and breaths of 30: 2. Patients diagnosed with sinus tachycardia should be immediately admitted to a cardiological hospital.

Features of the treatment for sinus tachycardia

First of all, to eliminate the disease, it is necessary to eliminate the etiological factor of the disease. To date, tachycardia is quite successfully eliminated with the use of medicinal substances.

As a rule, sinus tachycardia develops against the background of diseases of the endocrine, urinary systems, vascular pathology and under the influence of external factors. The treatment is based on the elimination of the etiological factor of the disease, and then the correction of tachycardia.

Among the drug treatment should be highlighted:

1. Sedative drugs, have a pronounced effect on the human nervous system, have a depressing effect on the sympathetic nervous system. Depending on the material of manufacture, drugs in this group are divided into:

• environmentally friendly medicinal substances prepared on the basis of natural medicinal plants, for example, glycine, glycised, valerian;
• chemically synthesized drugs with a pronounced antidepressant effect, for example, phenobarbital;

Sedatives are used by persons who are prone to emotional instability, frequent manifestations of neuroses and depressive conditions. The use of drugs should be carried out with strict account of the dosage, since excessive addiction leads to serious consequences.

1. Beta blockers are drugs that reduce the concentration of blood mediators that affect vascular tone, the mechanism of action is aimed at lowering blood pressure and heart rate.
2. Drugs that suppress impulses in the sinus node of the conduction system of the heart, control the correct rhythm of stimulation of the node and conduction of the nervous cardiac impulse fabrics. Prevents development arrhythmias, atrial fibrillation and sudden coronary death.
3. Calcium channel antagonists. Calcium as a trace element in the human body stimulates the processes of excitation, which is a key factor in the pathogenesis of the disease. The mechanism of action of this group of drugs is designed to block the release of calcium from the cell depot, so the process of excitation in the nervous tissue slows down.

In case of ineffectiveness of the performed drug correction, the patients are advised to conduct the surgical intervention. If the cause of the development of tachycardia was an endocrine pathology, the gland is removed completely or part of it, if it happened disruption of the functioning of the sinus node itself, the patient is injected with a special electrical stimulator of the heart reductions.

Traditional, environmentally friendly methods of treatment

Against the background of medical and surgical treatment, the body weakens quite strongly, it was the poet who recommended the use of vitamins and vegetable substances.

The most common recipes for traditional medicine for the general recovery of the body in pathologies of the cardiovascular system:

1. Tincture of dried leaves hawthorn: A tablespoon of dried leaves of the plant is poured with one glass of boiling water 250 ml, allowed to infuse for three hours. The resulting infusion is used for half a glass twice a day.
2. Garlic and Lemon Tincture: To prepare the tincture, you need about ten fruits of lemon and garlic, these ingredients are carefully chopped and mixed. The resulting mixture is poured with boiling water in a volume of 1 liter, you can add a spoonful of honey, infused for a week. The resulting infusion is used in 4 - 5 teaspoons during the day.
3. A decoction from the adonis plant: pour one tablespoon of the crushed and dried medicinal plant with water, put on a slow fire, bring to a boil. After that, the broth is covered with a lid and cools down. After cooking, the broth is consumed in four teaspoons throughout the day.

Traditional medicine should be used only after agreement with the treating cardiologist doctor, this is it is necessary to clarify the required dosage and determine the compatibility of decoctions and infusions with medicinal drugs. It is strictly forbidden to treat sinus tachycardia on your own.

Preventive actions

Prevention for sinus tachycardia of the heart is based on the timely diagnosis and treatment of predisposing organic pathologies from other organs and systems. Patients are advised to closely monitor their own health, to avoid excessive physical stress. The people around the patient should create a calm atmosphere and not provoke the development of a stressful state in the sick person.

The patient should get rid of bad habits and change the place of work if it is associated with harmful production factors. A properly selected food intake regime will significantly reduce the risk of developing cardiac pathology in predisposed individuals.

Patients are advised to completely or partially exclude salty, bitter and fatty foods from their diet. Eat more lactic acid foods, fresh vegetables and fruits, as protein, lean meat.

Complications of the disease

Usually complications with sinus tachycardia develop very rarely, and only in overly neglected pathological conditions.

The most probable complications can be identified:

• shock state against the background of suddenly developed arrhythmia;
• acute failure of the functional activity of the myocardium;
• sudden coronary death;
• fibrillation of the ventricles of the heart;
• clinical death;

In the event of complications, the patient undergoes urgent cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Conducting resuscitation measures may not be advisable in case of protracted and progressive organic lesions of the heart and if the patient refuses to carry out treatment. Among the complications of the disease, the consequences of self-treatment should be highlighted, which manifest themselves in the form aggravation of the initial state, collapse of the cardiovascular system and severe allergic boards.

Recovery prognosis

Most often, sinus tachycardia develops against the background of organic disturbances in the functioning of the heart, this may be associated with chronic heart failure or coronary heart disease. With such diseases, the sinus node can be directly affected, and drug therapy can no longer affect the favorable outcome of the disease. The only treatment in such cases is surgery.

The prognosis for full recovery in these patients is minimal or almost impossible. If the tachycardia is provoked by any other etiological factors, the situation is fixable, after carrying out the correctly selected drug treatment, the patients fully recover.

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