Bullous dermatitis: causes, symptoms, treatment

Bullous dermatitis or blistering dermatitis occurs due to mechanical influences, characterized by the appearance of limited hyperemic area, when sub-epidermal blisters of various sizes, filled with serous-hemorrhagic fluid.

Exfoliative dermatitis (Ritter's disease) is considered a complicated form of bullous dermatitis.

Bullous dermatoses are combined into one group, which includes pemphigus, pemphigoid, Duhring's dermatitis herpetiformis and etc. With recurrent dermatitis herpetiformis, the disease may be classified as bullous herpetiformis. dermatitis.

As a rule, differentiation of diagnosis in adults and children is not difficult, because the localization of lesions is quite corresponds to the places of exposure to irritants, for example, with uncomfortable shoes - on the feet, in contact with tools of production - on hands.

Causes of the disease

Bullous dermatitis can be caused by both internal and external causes.

External include:

• active influence of solar radiation;
• negative effects of chemicals;
• sharp temperature drops;
• long-term drug treatment of the disease.

Internal:

• infectious processes (impetigo, herpes formations);
• inflammation of the dermis;
• disruptions in metabolic metabolism;
• hereditary anomalies.

Forms and symptoms of bullous dermatitis

Bullous dermatitis occurs in several forms, which depend on the reasons that provoked negative symptoms.

• TEMPERATURE FORM. Appears under the influence of low or high temperatures with characteristic burns and frostbite of the middle stage.
• SUNNY. The provoking factor in the development of this form of the disease is prolonged exposure to the open rays of the sun. It is characterized by reddening of the skin, unbearable itching, burning sensation and deterioration of the general condition of the patient.
• CHEMICAL. As a rule, this degree of dermatitis is localized in the face and neck area and is accompanied by severe edema, in response to exposure to a chemical irritant.
• DIABETIC. It occurs when the concentration of glucose in the blood is disturbed. Symptoms of the diabetic form of bullous dermatitis are expressed by the formation of watery blisters in the legs and arms (pictured).

• HEREDITARY. The manifestations of this form of the disease are most often spontaneously formed at the site of a minor injury to the skin.
• ENTEROPATHIC. This type of dermatitis appears due to insufficient intake of zinc in the patient's body. In this case, the rash most often occurs on the limbs, in the area of ​​the eyes, lips and mouth.

Diagnosis of dermatitis

The primary task for the doctor and the patient is to determine the factor that provoked pathological changes in the body. To clarify the diagnosis, it is recommended to conduct a number of diagnostic examinations, which include:

• finding out the history and clinical picture of the disease;
• the number and place of localization of dermatitis formations;
• estimation of the size of bulls;
• if there is a suspicion of the infectious nature of the development of dermatitis, an analysis of the fluid in the bull is carried out, followed by a bacterioscopic examination. Carrying out histology and biopsy using immunofuorescence;

• when determining the etiology of the disease in children, it is recommended to conduct an electron microscopic examination.

As a rule, bullous dermatitis, as well as contact and dermatitis in newborns (exfoliative and bullous) in the initial stages are manifested by hyperemia and the appearance of bubbles after close contact with a substance that is a provocateur diseases.

Bullous dermatitis treatment methods

Treatment involves two methods: traditional (using medications) and using traditional medicine recipes.

1. MEDICAMENTAL. Bullous dermatitis provides for the observance of general principles and objectives in the treatment of:

• small bullae must be treated with drying drugs (brilliant greens, potassium permanganate) to form a crust;
• large bullae should be opened, but this action must be done very carefully so as not to damage the bottom of the bulla. Otherwise, it can lead to erosive formations, which will require additional surgical treatment;
• with dermatitis, it is recommended to prescribe antihistamines (Zyrtec, Suprastin, Zodak, etc.) These drugs effectively fight allergic manifestations, relieving puffiness and itching;

• in addition, in the treatment of bullous dermatitis, sedatives (Valerian, motherwort tincture, etc.) and anti-inflammatory drugs are actively used;
• in the treatment of the disease, the administration of immunosuppressants is prescribed (Mielosan, Cyclophosphamide, Chlorbutin). Their active substances suppress the defenses, thereby reducing the skin reaction;
• an important group of drugs that treat bullous dermatitis are corticosteroids (Flumethasone, Prednisolone, Dexamethasone, etc.). They have an anti-inflammatory effect, but they should be taken for a short time, since long-term intake of systemic hormones can cause unwanted side effects;

• for the complex treatment of the disease, external drugs can be used (Bepanten, Eplan, Exoderil, Epidel), which help to minimize external skin manifestations.

It is important to remember that complete sterility is required when opening bulls. Subsequently, to improve the recovery function after dermatitis, physiotherapeutic procedures are prescribed (magnetotherapy, ultrasound, etc.).

2. FOLK. With the help of various medicinal plants, you can prepare an ointment, tincture, decoction, which contribute to the fastest healing of erosion.

The most popular folk recipes are:

• thyme ointment - 1 tsp dry thyme is poured 1 tbsp. water and boiled until the volume is reduced by 2 times. After cooling, any oil base is added to the solution and the affected skin is lubricated;
• An effective remedy for dermatitis can be prepared using St. John's wort. 1 tbsp. l. freshly squeezed juice is boiled down with the addition of 200 ml. water to a mushy state, after which butter is added to the mixture at the rate of 1 part of the mixture to 4 parts of oil. The prepared ointment is applied to the skin for 24 hours (as it is absorbed). The medicine is stored in a dark, cool place;

• a decoction from a collection of medicinal herbs (string, chamomile, oak bark, birch buds) has a positive effect in the treatment of dermatitis. The prepared components are filled with water and boiled for 5 minutes. After cooling, the napkins are moistened in the prepared solution. With their help, the affected area of ​​the skin is treated, which allows you to eliminate the rash and prevent its reappearance.

It is important to remember that bullous dermatitis, like all other forms of the disease, must be treated under the supervision of a physician. Self-treatment of bullous dermatitis can lead to a deterioration in the patient's general condition and the appearance of possible complications.

Prophylaxis

In addition to medication, bullous (blistering) dermatitis can be prevented if preventive measures are taken.

1. First of all, it is necessary to limit the contact path of the development of allergies to chemical irritants, as well as products that are strong allergens. If contact cannot be avoided, special personal protective equipment (gloves, masks) should be used. It is recommended to use household products labeled "hypoallergenic".
2. Clothing should be made of natural, cotton fabric, which has good moisture resistance and breathability. In addition, with a hereditary predisposition to the development of dermatitis, the time spent in the open sun, as well as in frosty weather, should be limited.
3. It is recommended to avoid various stressful situations and emotional upheavals, as they can provoke an acute development of the disease.

If the first symptomatology accompanying bullous dermatitis occurs, it is recommended to immediately seek help to specialists (allergist, infectious disease specialist, pediatrician, dermatologist), depending on the nature diseases. After conducting a diagnostic examination, the doctor will prescribe therapeutic measures, taking into account the severity of the disease, the age group and the individual characteristics of the patient.