Skin dermatitis in children and adults: treatment, diet

Skin dermatitis is a fairly common disease characterized by inflammatory reactions of the skin to external and internal stimuli.

Contact dermatitis symptoms can appear immediately after contact with an irritant. There are contact forms of dermatitis and toxidermia. If the inflammatory process on the skin develops on external influences (application of ointment, cream, etc.), this is the contact type. In the case when an aggressive substance comes from the gastrointestinal tract and is accompanied by negative symptoms on the face and large areas of the body, this is called toxidermia.

The causes of dermatitis

As a rule, all types of dermatitis have individual reasons for the development of the pathological process. For example, food allergens or drugs (antibiotics, sulfonamides, etc.) are provocateurs of toxidermia. The likelihood of the appearance of cutaneous dermatitis increases dramatically in patients with a mental history and gastrointestinal diseases. In addition, it can develop with unregulated use of oral contraceptives. The reasons for this are in the violation of hormonal levels, which leads to endocrine changes.

Exogenous reasons:

• irritation of the skin with buttons, buckles, diggers, etc.
• the use of synthetic fabrics;
• the use of low-quality household chemicals;
• exposure to low temperatures on the skin;
• the use of low-quality decorative cosmetics on the face;
• contact with some plants;

• perfumery products;
• hygiene products (most often shampoo for washing hair on the head);
• chemicals, etc.

Allergic dermatitis itself is possible not only for unknown allergens, but also for well-known products that have not previously caused dermatitis symptoms. Especially often, such a reaction can be observed in a child.

Symptoms of the disease

As a rule, all dermatitis has characteristic manifestations, which are expressed:

• hyperemic skin;
• small punctate vesicular rash;
• excruciating itching, leading to the formation of ulcers;
• dryness of the skin, followed by peeling.

In addition, allergic dermatitis can be accompanied by rhinitis, increased lacrimation, frequent sneezing, and a spastic cough. The manifestations of the acute form are often accompanied by rashes on the face, for the treatment of which special ointments, gels and creams are used.

Diagnostics

Before treating skin manifestations, it is necessary to conduct a diagnostic study to determine the irritants that provoked external inflammation.

To do this, run:

• blood sampling for clinical analysis;
• urine for general analysis;
• immunological and serological research;
• if necessary, biopsy and histology are recommended;
• conducting allergological tests.

Symptoms and causes of the development of the disease determine the decision on how to treat dermatitis and which internal and external agents, including ointments, can be used in each case.

Classification

Depending on the cause of the disease, dermatitis is classified into several subspecies. It can occur with the same symptoms in both adult patients and children. Localization and symptoms may indicate an immediate cause of the dermatitis.

The types of dermatitis are subdivided into:

• toxic form;
• bacterial;
• infectious;
• herpetic;
• medication
• steroid dermatitis;
• fungal;
• allergic (seborrhea of ​​the scalp, eczema, etc.);
• focal form, etc.

The manifestations of dermatitis, its symptoms and causes should be considered individually. The further depends on this with the use of certain medications and ointments.

The course of the disease in childhood

The most common types of dermatitis in children are:

CONTACT. May appear as a result of the use of poor-quality hygiene products and external irritants (rough seams on clothes, poor-quality ointments and creams for skin treatment), which cause disorders of the skin, especially in infants (on Photo). As a rule, in children, contact dermatitis can disappear after the interaction with the provoking factor stops. The symptoms of contact dermatitis occur in three stages: erythematous, vesicular, and necrotic.

PANEL. This form of the disease develops in infants when the rules of caring for him are violated. External irritation most often appears on the gluteal region, as well as on the thighs. Its manifestations are expressed by redness of the skin, rashes and peeling.

The baby's behavior becomes restless, he may refuse to eat, try to take off the diaper, sleep restlessly and often cry. Sometimes a baby may develop intestinal dysbiosis. In all cases, the child must be shown to the pediatrician, who will examine the baby and hold a conversation about the rules for caring for the child's skin. Based on the symptoms, the doctor may prescribe treatment with special creams or ointments with the addition of lanolin. To treat diaper dermatitis in infants with drug therapy should be done only as a last resort. It is necessary to observe preventive measures (after bathing the baby, lubricate the skin with moisturizers, you should not wrap the baby too much, preventing normal air exchange).

ATOPIC FORM. Allergic dermatitis is characterized by reddening of the skin (especially on the face) and flaking. In addition, the atopic variant of the development of the disease may have a chronic course, therefore, for prevention of exacerbations, it is necessary to diagnose the symptoms in a timely manner, and then carry out appropriate therapy. Symptoms of atopic dermatitis occur with slight differences in children of different age categories.

Most often, pathological symptoms on the face and the whole body occur in children 5-6 months old and are expressed by a hyperemic rash in the buttocks, on the face and neck. In a child, allergic dermatitis is accompanied by severe itching and the child may scratch the area, which can lead to a drift of infection. In this case, the child may experience a fever and restless behavior.

Atopic dermatitis in an older child can be localized in the groin, popliteal and elbow fold. In addition, skin dermatitis at this age is often found in the palms and feet. The skin in the affected area thickens and becomes edematous. During the lull in atopic dermatitis, the baby's skin may be dry, so it is recommended to use moisturizing ointments.

Dermatitis quite often can provoke the development of an intestinal disorder. The reasons for this manifestation are explained by the fact that atopic dermatitis in children occurs due to violations of feeding conditions and non-compliance with hygiene measures.

If children have skin changes and restless behavior, it is necessary to seek the advice of a specialist, since atopic dermatitis must be treated at an early stage. If an atopic type of the disease is diagnosed, it is necessary to revise the diet (especially in infants). In addition, it is recommended to use only hypoallergenic products and detergents. Antihistamines and other drugs are prescribed for atopic dermatitis only when absolutely necessary.

SEBORAL FORM. It occurs with an increase in mycotic activity with violations of the conditionally pathogenic microflora. In children, the pathological process is often localized in the head and face (redness, skin tightening, hair loss on the head and other characteristic symptoms). The appearance of white scales on the head is accompanied by slight itching and pemphigus.

Atopic dermatitis and seborrheic form are characterized by periodic remissions and exacerbations. In the initial form, it is necessary to conduct a medical examination and further treatment.

Atopic dermatitis and seborrheic form are characterized by periodic remissions and exacerbations. In the initial form, it is necessary to conduct a medical examination and further treatment.

Treatment tactics (tablets, ointments)

It is recommended to treat dermatitis of any form in a comprehensive manner, given the severity of the symptoms. In order to relieve swelling and reduce infiltration, antihistamines are prescribed (Tavegil, Erius, Claritin, Zodak, Zirtek, etc.).

To relieve intoxication, it is recommended to use enterosorbents (Activated carbon, Enterosgel, Polypefan, etc.). In a severe case of the disease, intravenous administration of Sodium Thiosulfate is used, however, before administration (especially when dermatitis develops as an allergic type), it is necessary to test for an individual sensitivity. It is important to take into account that any medicinal preparations with calcium can reduce sensitization processes in the body.

External treatment of the disease involves the use of a hormonal cream or ointment (Diprosalik, Sinaflan, Akriderm ointment, etc.). With weeping dermatitis, antiseptic treatment of the affected skin areas with chamomile infusion and a decoction of oak bark is recommended. A solution of these herbs can be used to treat seborrhea on the head, especially on the head of a child. In addition, a good effect on opening papules is noted for treatment with antiseptic ointments.

In the event that the disease proceeds with complications, the formed vesicles and pustules are recommended to be opened and processed, observing all the rules of antisepsis and asepsis. It is forbidden to treat dermatitis (especially on the head of the lyceum) with drugs for external use with the addition of iodine.

Sometimes unbearable itching is accompanied by neurological disorders. In such cases, treatment with herbal sedatives is recommended (Valerian, Motherwort, Novo-Passit, Persen, etc.). If the causes of dermatitis are dysfunctional disorders in the work of the pancreas, it is recommended to treat dermatitis with Mezim, Creon, Festal, etc.

With the development of dysbiosis, a special diet is required, including the use of fermented milk products. Such a diet helps to improve the general condition of the body, relieve rashes on the face and body. In addition, allergic dermatitis provides for treatment with probiotics (Probifor, Linex, etc.). It is important to note that as the intestinal microflora is restored, the symptoms of the disease almost completely fade away.

Diet for cutaneous dermatitis

All types of dermatitis, especially allergic dermatitis, must be treated with nutritional correction. For this, a special hypoallergenic diet must be followed. A balanced diet of an adult patient and a child prevents allergic dermatitis. The diet should include the following foods:

Low allergenic products

• Proteins - some types of fish products (sea bass, cod), horse meat, lean beef, lamb, cottage cheese, offal, butter.
• The diet provides for the use of vegetable products (pearl barley, rice, corn, cucumber, cabbage, gooseberries, zucchini, spinach, vegetable oil, pear). You can eat white currants and white gooseberries.
• From drinks it is recommended to use fermented milk products without dyes and preservatives, mineral water, compotes from green fruits. In addition, the diet permits the consumption of dried fruits.

Foods that often cause allergies

• The diet excludes the use of pork, fatty beef, milk, caviar, chicken eggs, smoked meats and canned foods.
• From plant foods, the use of plant marinades, legumes, sauerkraut, berries and vegetables of bright orange and red color is not recommended. In addition, the diet recommends avoiding tropical fruits and vegetables.
• You can not drink sweet carbonated water, yoghurts with preservatives, coffee, cocoa. Limit the use of sweets, pastries and hot spices.

It is important to note that all dermatitis and especially allergic dermatitis must be treated only after a doctor's prescription. There are no universal recommendations. All treatments (diet, drug therapy and preventive measures) are important to maximize the effect. This approach will avoid various complications.